The Best 529 Plan for Virginia Residents in 2025

The Virginia 529 plan known as “Invest529” is a solid option in 2025 for Virginia residents who value tax benefits and low investment costs

Modern day parenting can be exhausting. How often do you have energy at the end of the day to think about a Virginia 529 plan?

And that’s probably putting it mildly. Almost any extended planning with a partner can feel daunting. Forget about finding the focus to discuss what type of investment plan you’ll use to save for your kids’ college education.

Fortunately, your college savings decision doesn’t need to be complicated. For most families, the default option is a 529 plan college savings plan. (For other options, you can reference this guide on how to start a college fund for your baby.)

But even once you decide that a 529 plan makes sense for your family, you still need to choose which 529 college savings plan to invest in. For Virginia residents, for example, the Virginia 529 plan is not your only option.

2025 Update: What’s New in This Virginia 529 Plan Overview

Virginia529 Expands to Become Invest529

Most importantly, please note that the Virginia 529 plan known as “Virginia529” is now called “Invest529.”

Mary Morris, CEO of the company that administers the state’s 529 plan, said, “Our new name better reflects the full range of investing options we offer today, from education to disability to retirement.”

Morris is referring to the fact that Invest529 now includes:

• Saving and investing for future education expenses
• ABLEnow for individuals with disabilities; and
• RetirePath Virginia, a retirement savings option for Virginia residents

The Invest529 Tuition Track Portfolio

My Virginia clients often ask me about the Invest529 Tuition Track Portfolio.

As I describe below, the Virginia 529 plan offers investment options in five categories. The Tuition Track Portfolio falls under the category of “principal protected portfolios.” But this investment option stands out for two key reasons:

• The Tuition Track Portfolio does not charge fees; and
• This investment option offers a defined benefit.

Writing about fees, the plan website states, “Unlike other Invest529 portfolios, no asset-based fees are assessed on funds invested in the Tuition Track Portfolio. Fees for certain services or transactions may still apply.”

And the “defined benefit” means that your investment value does not change in step with the stock and bond markets. Instead, your investment grows according to “annual changes in average tuition” in the state of Virginia. Plus, the option preserves your original contribution amounts (also known as your “principal”).

This Virginia 529 plan portfolio may not be a good fit for students who might attend college out of state. You also might prefer a different choice if you want your investments to grow with the stock market.

But for Virginia families set on a state university, you may want to review the Tuition Track Portfolio. To qualify, though, the account owner or beneficiary must live in Virginia when you open the account.

Now back to my original article!

What is a 529 College Savings Plan? Four Important Facts You Should Know

These are four of the most important facts about 529 college savings plans in the U.S.:

1. A 529 plan is a tax-advantaged savings account that encourages participants to save for future educational costs including tuition, fees, books, housing and technology.
2. 529 plans, such as Invest529, are generally sponsored by states, meaning that the state government chooses a plan manager and determines the rules and limits for its plan.
3. The only state that does not currently sponsor a 529 plan is Wyoming.
4. As a U.S. resident, you’re welcome to invest in any state’s 529 plan, but keep in mind that more than 30 states offer plans that have tax benefits for its residents.

You may be looking at these facts and thinking, “How should I figure out which 529 plan to choose with so many options available to me?” If you’re a Virginia resident, you’re in luck: you have a strong option right at home.

How Does the Virginia 529 Plan Work?

As of 2023, Virginia sponsors two college savings plans.

The first is Invest529, which currently has over $60 billion in assets under management from 2.5 million accounts. An Invest529 plan requires a minimum balance of $25 and is available directly online to parents or other beneficiaries.

Virginia also participates in the CollegeAmerica 529 Plan, which is a national plan that is only sold through financial advisors. The CollegeAmerica 529 Plan may offer access to a broader range of investment portfolios, but participants typically pay an additional sales charge to gain access to the plan. The minimum investment required in the CollegeAmerica 529 Plan is $250.

Why Millennial Parents Often Feel Anxious About College Savings

Even though the choice between different 529 plan options may seem relatively trivial, the decision may still (understandably) cause you anxiety.

Without any extensive knowledge about investments, how can you make sure you are choosing the best option? For example, should you choose your own investment portfolio through Invest529, and risk making a mistake? Or should you rely on a financial advisor who sells products like the CollegeAmerica 529, even if it means that you pay that advisor an extra fee? And should you consider plans from other states, especially if they have a higher rating than the Virginia 529 plan?

As long as we’re discussing investment uncertainties, how about the percentage of savings you should invest in a 529 plan as opposed to a retirement savings account, such as a Roth IRA? And what if your child does not go to college, but instead, decides to open a business upon graduating high school? Will all the money you put in a 529 plan be wasted by unforeseen plans?

And let’s not even talk about the day-to-day anxiety of paying for your bills, affording extracurriculars like dance class or travel soccer and making sure that if you get sick, your partner can still afford your mortgage. How do you justify paying for college when your grocery bills have doubled over the past year? And how can you possibly determine how much to save for education as opposed to retirement?

Let’s make this particular decision a little simpler by reviewing a few essential elements of your decision.

Saving for College: Tax Advantages and Investment Costs

For many parents with young children, the 529 plan decision comes down to two main considerations.

The Tax Advantages of the Virginia 529 Plan

Both the Invest529 and the CollegeAmerica 529 plan have the same tax benefits for Virginia residents:

• Any money contributed to the account will grow tax-free
• Withdrawals from the plan are exempt from state and federal taxes if you use the money for educational purposes.
• Additionally, Virginia residents can deduct up to $4,000 of contributions for single filers and $8,000 for joint filers to either plan from their state-level taxable income every year.

As in the case with other 529 plans, if you withdraw money from the account for anything besides the beneficiary’s educational expenses, you will be subject to federal income tax, as well as a penalty of up to 10% of the fund’s earnings. Non-qualified withdrawals may result in the “recapture” of prior Virginia income tax deductions for Virginia taxpayers.

The Investment Costs Associated with the Virginia 529 Plan

The investment fees for the Invest529 plan are some of the lowest in the nation. In fact, in a list of rankings compiled by SavingForCollege.com, Invest529 had the 13^th lowest fees of all state-sponsored plans in the country. On average, you can expect to pay between 0.10% and 0.62% in fees per year. On a $10,000 investment, that will average between $142 and $779 over a decade of investment.

The fee structure for the CollegeAmerica 529 Plan is more complex. First, you’re paying an additional fee to a financial advisor, either directly or through commissions on your investments. Then, depending on the portfolio option your advisor chooses, you may have to pay a sales charge and/or an annual asset-based fee. On average, you can expect to pay 2% in fees within the CollegeAmerica 529 Plan account every year.

How Should Millennials Parents Select a College Savings Plan?

There are limits to how much you can contribute to a Virginia 529 plan. Both Invest529 and the CollegeAmerica 529 Plan have maximum fund amounts of $550,000. But there are no limits to how many 529 plans you can invest in.

So, if you’re struggling to make the decision between investing in one type of plan or another, the answer may very well be – invest in both! As a Virginia resident, you’ll receive a deduction of up to $4,000 from your state taxable income. And you can invest up to $80,000 ($160,000 if investing jointly) in 529 plans in a single year without owing any federal gift taxes.

Investment Options Within the Virginia 529 Plan

Within Invest529, you’ll be able to choose from five different portfolio types:

• Target enrollment date / age-based portfolios
• Principal protected portfolios
• Target risk portfolios
• Specialty ESG and global equity portfolios
• Index portfolios (essentially index funds)

And within the CollegeAmerica 529 Plan, you’ll have 46 different options, including:

• American Funds Target Date fund series (7 different funds)
• American Funds Portfolio Series (6 pre-built portfolios)
• Individual mutual funds (33 funds)

Does Virginia Offer a Prepaid College Tuition Plan?

As of 2019, Virginia no longer offers a pre-paid tuition 529 plan, which was known as Prepaid529.

This type of plan allowed residents to lock in a rate at a public or private institution and pay it off over time, regardless of inflation. Families that invested in the plan before 2019 are still able to use the money for tuition and mandatory fees at a broad range of educational institutions.

Currently, only nine states offer prepaid tuition plans, including Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Texas and Washington.

Virginia does offer, however, a scholarship fund called SOAR Virginia. Available to one-third of the high school districts in the state, the scholarship requires that students maintain a minimum GPA of 2.5 and complete a financial literacy course. In return, the state offers one-on-one mentorships, as well as deposits of up to $2,000 in a 529 plan for post-secondary education.

Restrictions that the Virginia 529 Plan Imposes on Account Owners

The blog Saving for College notes that Invest529 account owners must pay attention to certain limitations that the plan imposes. They write:

“The account must be used within thirty years after the projected date of high school graduation, or within thirty years after account is opened if the beneficiary has already graduated from high school, unless an extension is granted by the program.

A Tuition Track Portfolio Account must be depleted by the tenth anniversary of the beneficiary’s expected usage date.”

Is the Virginia 529 Plan Good?

The annual Morningstar 529 plan ratings give both Invest529 and the CollegeAmerica 529 Plan a “bronze” rating. In other words, the Virginia 529 plans could be better, relative to alternatives around the country.

So if you live in Virginia, should you opt instead for a 529 plan rated as “gold” or “silver”? For many parents, the $4,000-$8,000 state tax deduction offers a strong enough reason to stick with a Virginia 529 plan. If you do, you’ll just want to make sure you minimize your investment costs by picking low-cost investment options.

When You Should Start Saving for College

Over the past two decades, in-state tuition and fees have increased by 175%, and tuition at private universities has increased by 134%. By 2030, the U.S. Department of Education estimates, the total cost for a four-year degree will be more than $205,000.

So you likely want to start saving and investing for college as soon as possible. But even if you have zero dollars saved, you don’t need to panic. First of all, you’ve likely done the best you can, and you should be proud of the work that you’ve done for your family. But if you can, set up an automatic transfer – however small – into a 529 plan account for your child. Like many Millennial parents, you may never be able to save enough for your child’s entire education. But that’s normal. You just want to focus on what you can control, which includes saving and investing consistently. And if you still feel uncertain about whether a 529 plan is right for your family, keep in mind that you always can invest in a basic investment account, known as a taxable brokerage account.

Your Questions About the Virginia 529 Plan

What questions do you still have about 529 plans, in Virginia or elsewhere? I encourage you to send me an e-mail at kevin@illumintfc.com with anything else you would like to know. You also can subscribe to my finance podcast for Millennials to learn more how you can invest in your family’s future.

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Recommended Reading

If you found value in this article, you may also enjoy reading:

• Millennials, Here’s What To Do With an Inheritance in 2025
• The Best Ways to Take Advantage of Government TSP Matching

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About Kevin Mahoney, CFP®

Hi, I’m Kevin. I’m the founder of Illumint and a financial advisor in Washington, DC. I specialize in financial planning for Millennials like you. As a Millennial father and Certified Financial Planner™, I empower our peers to invest with confidence and flexibility. If you’re new to Illumint, I’m glad you’re here – you now have access to the leading college finance blog for Millennial parents. I encourage you to read, watch, or listen to the ideas I share about exchanging your money for memories with your kids. And then when you’re ready, please send me your thoughts & questions!